In Mandarin, there are two important words for comparing things: "比" (bǐ) and "与" (yǔ).

1. 比 (bǐ) - Direct Comparison

• What it does: The word "比" is for directly comparing two things. It helps us notice how they are different, like which one is better, worse, or bigger.
• How to use it: You can use this structure: Subject + 比 + Object + Adjective/Verb.
• Example:
  • 他比我高。 (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo.) - He is taller than me.

2. 与 (yǔ) - Comparing Similarities

• What it does: The word "与" is used in more formal situations. It compares two things without saying which one is better. You can also use it to show that things are equal or to give choices.
• How to use it: Use this structure: Subject + 与 + Object + Adjective/Verb.
• Example:
  • 这本书与那本书一样好。 (Zhè běn shū yǔ nà běn shū yīyàng hǎo.) - This book is as good as that book.

3. Summary of Differences

• Comparative Nature: "比" is used to show differences (like one is taller or shorter), while "与" shows that things are equal or similar.
• Formality: "与" feels more formal and is often found in writing, while "比" is used more often in everyday talking.

Understanding how to use these words will help you make better comparisons in Mandarin!