Click the button below to see similar posts for other categories

What are the different regular –ir and –re verb endings in the present tense?

Easy Guide to French Grammar: Present Tense Verbs

When learning French, one important part is understanding how to change verbs to show what's happening now. This is called verb conjugation. In this post, we’ll focus on two types of regular verbs: those that end in -ir and -re. We’ll explain how to change these verbs in a simple way and help you get a good grasp of this basic skill in French.

Regular -ir Verbs

Let’s start with regular -ir verbs. These verbs follow a clear pattern. Here’s how you do it:

  1. Look at the Verb: Start with the verb in its basic form, like finir (to finish).

  2. Find the Stem: Remove the -ir ending to get the stem: fin-.

  3. Add Endings Based on the Subject:

    • Je (I): -s → finis (Je finis)
    • Tu (you, informal): -s → finis (Tu finis)
    • Il/Elle/On (he/she/one): -t → finit (Il finit)
    • Nous (we): -ssons → finissons (Nous finissons)
    • Vous (you, formal or plural): -ssez → finissez (Vous finissez)
    • Ils/Elles (they): -ssent → finissent (Ils finissent)

Here is how finir looks when we change it:

  • Je finis (I finish)
  • Tu finis (You finish)
  • Il finit (He finishes)
  • Elle finit (She finishes)
  • On finit (One finishes)
  • Nous finissons (We finish)
  • Vous finissez (You finish)
  • Ils finissent (They finish, masculine)
  • Elles finissent (They finish, feminine)

Regular -re Verbs

Next, let’s look at regular -re verbs. Here’s how to change them, using vendre (to sell) as an example:

  1. Start with the Verb: Look at the base form, vendre.

  2. Find the Stem: Remove the -re ending to get the stem: vend.

  3. Add Endings Based on the Subject:

    • Je (I): -s → vends (Je vends)
    • Tu (you, informal): -s → vends (Tu vends)
    • Il/Elle/On (he/she/one): No ending → vend (Il vend)
    • Nous (we): -ons → vendons (Nous vendons)
    • Vous (you, formal or plural): -ez → vendez (Vous vendez)
    • Ils/Elles (they): -ent → vendent (Ils vendent)

This is how vendre changes in the present tense:

  • Je vends (I sell)
  • Tu vends (You sell)
  • Il vend (He sells)
  • Elle vend (She sells)
  • On vend (One sells)
  • Nous vendons (We sell)
  • Vous vendez (You sell)
  • Ils vendent (They sell, masculine)
  • Elles vendent (They sell, feminine)

Knowing these patterns is really helpful! Once you understand how to change -ir and -re verbs, you can guess how to change other similar verbs. Now, let's look at some other grammar points.

Using Être and Avoir in the Past Tense

In French, when talking about things that happened in the past, we often use two helper verbs: être and avoir. The one you choose depends on the main verb.

  • Avoir is used most of the time. Here is how to change it in the present tense:

    • J’ai (I have)
    • Tu as (You have)
    • Il/Elle/On a (He/She/One has)
    • Nous avons (We have)
    • Vous avez (You have)
    • Ils/Elles ont (They have)

For example, if you want to say "I ate," you would say:

  • J’ai mangé.

  • Être is mainly for verbs that show movement or a change. Here’s how to change it:

    • Je suis (I am)
    • Tu es (You are)
    • Il/Elle/On est (He/She/One is)
    • Nous sommes (We are)
    • Vous êtes (You are)
    • Ils/Elles sont (They are)

So, "I went" would be:

  • Je suis allé(e) (I went).

Note: Add -e if it’s a girl talking.

Making Negative Sentences (ne...pas)

Another important part of French is making negative sentences. To say something is not happening, you put ne before the verb and pas after it. The structure looks like this:

  • Subject + ne + verb + pas.

For example, to say "I eat" in a negative way, you would say:

  • Je ne mange pas (I do not eat).

In casual conversation, people often drop the ne, but it’s good to use both when writing or speaking formally.

Here are some examples:

  • Tu parles (You speak) becomes Tu ne parles pas (You do not speak).
  • Ils finissent (They finish) becomes Ils ne finissent pas (They do not finish).

Adjective Agreement with Nouns

In French, adjectives (words that describe nouns) must match the nouns in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural).

For example:

  • Chat (cat) is masculine, so you would say chat noir (black cat).
  • If you have multiple cats, it becomes chats noirs (black cats).

Here’s the basic rule:

  • Use the base adjective for masculine singular.
  • For feminine singular, add -e (e.g., noire).
  • For plural, add -s (e.g., noirs for masculine, noires for feminine).

Future Proche for Upcoming Actions

The "near future" (future proche) shows actions that will happen soon. It uses the present tense of aller (to go) plus the main verb's basic form.

Structure:

  • Subject + form of aller + infinitive verb.

For example, to say, "I am going to eat," you would say:

  • Je vais manger.

Here are a few more examples:

  • Tu vas parler (You are going to speak).
  • Il va finir (He is going to finish).
  • Nous allons vendre (We are going to sell).
  • Vous allez choisir (You are going to choose).
  • Ils vont jouer (They are going to play).

By practicing these rules about regular -ir and -re verbs, helper verbs, negative sentences, adjective agreement, and the near future, you’ll get much better at speaking French. Regular practice with real sentences will help you express your thoughts and ideas with confidence!

Related articles

Similar Categories
Basic Conversation for Year 9 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Year 9 FrenchBasic Conversation for Year 7 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Year 7 FrenchBasic Conversation for Year 8 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Year 8 FrenchBasic Conversation for Gymnasium 1 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Gymnasium 1 FrenchBasic Conversation for Gymnasium 2 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Gymnasium 2 FrenchBasic Conversation for Gymnasium 3 FrenchGrammar and Vocabulary for Gymnasium 3 French
Click HERE to see similar posts for other categories

What are the different regular –ir and –re verb endings in the present tense?

Easy Guide to French Grammar: Present Tense Verbs

When learning French, one important part is understanding how to change verbs to show what's happening now. This is called verb conjugation. In this post, we’ll focus on two types of regular verbs: those that end in -ir and -re. We’ll explain how to change these verbs in a simple way and help you get a good grasp of this basic skill in French.

Regular -ir Verbs

Let’s start with regular -ir verbs. These verbs follow a clear pattern. Here’s how you do it:

  1. Look at the Verb: Start with the verb in its basic form, like finir (to finish).

  2. Find the Stem: Remove the -ir ending to get the stem: fin-.

  3. Add Endings Based on the Subject:

    • Je (I): -s → finis (Je finis)
    • Tu (you, informal): -s → finis (Tu finis)
    • Il/Elle/On (he/she/one): -t → finit (Il finit)
    • Nous (we): -ssons → finissons (Nous finissons)
    • Vous (you, formal or plural): -ssez → finissez (Vous finissez)
    • Ils/Elles (they): -ssent → finissent (Ils finissent)

Here is how finir looks when we change it:

  • Je finis (I finish)
  • Tu finis (You finish)
  • Il finit (He finishes)
  • Elle finit (She finishes)
  • On finit (One finishes)
  • Nous finissons (We finish)
  • Vous finissez (You finish)
  • Ils finissent (They finish, masculine)
  • Elles finissent (They finish, feminine)

Regular -re Verbs

Next, let’s look at regular -re verbs. Here’s how to change them, using vendre (to sell) as an example:

  1. Start with the Verb: Look at the base form, vendre.

  2. Find the Stem: Remove the -re ending to get the stem: vend.

  3. Add Endings Based on the Subject:

    • Je (I): -s → vends (Je vends)
    • Tu (you, informal): -s → vends (Tu vends)
    • Il/Elle/On (he/she/one): No ending → vend (Il vend)
    • Nous (we): -ons → vendons (Nous vendons)
    • Vous (you, formal or plural): -ez → vendez (Vous vendez)
    • Ils/Elles (they): -ent → vendent (Ils vendent)

This is how vendre changes in the present tense:

  • Je vends (I sell)
  • Tu vends (You sell)
  • Il vend (He sells)
  • Elle vend (She sells)
  • On vend (One sells)
  • Nous vendons (We sell)
  • Vous vendez (You sell)
  • Ils vendent (They sell, masculine)
  • Elles vendent (They sell, feminine)

Knowing these patterns is really helpful! Once you understand how to change -ir and -re verbs, you can guess how to change other similar verbs. Now, let's look at some other grammar points.

Using Être and Avoir in the Past Tense

In French, when talking about things that happened in the past, we often use two helper verbs: être and avoir. The one you choose depends on the main verb.

  • Avoir is used most of the time. Here is how to change it in the present tense:

    • J’ai (I have)
    • Tu as (You have)
    • Il/Elle/On a (He/She/One has)
    • Nous avons (We have)
    • Vous avez (You have)
    • Ils/Elles ont (They have)

For example, if you want to say "I ate," you would say:

  • J’ai mangé.

  • Être is mainly for verbs that show movement or a change. Here’s how to change it:

    • Je suis (I am)
    • Tu es (You are)
    • Il/Elle/On est (He/She/One is)
    • Nous sommes (We are)
    • Vous êtes (You are)
    • Ils/Elles sont (They are)

So, "I went" would be:

  • Je suis allé(e) (I went).

Note: Add -e if it’s a girl talking.

Making Negative Sentences (ne...pas)

Another important part of French is making negative sentences. To say something is not happening, you put ne before the verb and pas after it. The structure looks like this:

  • Subject + ne + verb + pas.

For example, to say "I eat" in a negative way, you would say:

  • Je ne mange pas (I do not eat).

In casual conversation, people often drop the ne, but it’s good to use both when writing or speaking formally.

Here are some examples:

  • Tu parles (You speak) becomes Tu ne parles pas (You do not speak).
  • Ils finissent (They finish) becomes Ils ne finissent pas (They do not finish).

Adjective Agreement with Nouns

In French, adjectives (words that describe nouns) must match the nouns in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural).

For example:

  • Chat (cat) is masculine, so you would say chat noir (black cat).
  • If you have multiple cats, it becomes chats noirs (black cats).

Here’s the basic rule:

  • Use the base adjective for masculine singular.
  • For feminine singular, add -e (e.g., noire).
  • For plural, add -s (e.g., noirs for masculine, noires for feminine).

Future Proche for Upcoming Actions

The "near future" (future proche) shows actions that will happen soon. It uses the present tense of aller (to go) plus the main verb's basic form.

Structure:

  • Subject + form of aller + infinitive verb.

For example, to say, "I am going to eat," you would say:

  • Je vais manger.

Here are a few more examples:

  • Tu vas parler (You are going to speak).
  • Il va finir (He is going to finish).
  • Nous allons vendre (We are going to sell).
  • Vous allez choisir (You are going to choose).
  • Ils vont jouer (They are going to play).

By practicing these rules about regular -ir and -re verbs, helper verbs, negative sentences, adjective agreement, and the near future, you’ll get much better at speaking French. Regular practice with real sentences will help you express your thoughts and ideas with confidence!

Related articles