Genetic mutations are really important when it comes to cancer. Let’s break down what that means:

1. Types of Mutations:

   • Point mutations are changes in one spot of the DNA. They can change a single building block of proteins, which might mess up how those proteins work.
   • Insertions and deletions are when pieces of DNA are added or taken away. This can shift everything around, creating completely different proteins.

2. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes:

   • Mutations in oncogenes can make cells grow and divide without stopping.
   • Changes in tumor suppressor genes (like p53) can stop the body from controlling its cell growth properly.

3. Genetic Instability:

   • When mutations build up, they can create a messy DNA pattern that encourages even more mutations. This can lead to more serious types of cancer.

4. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes:

   • Some mutations run in families. This means that certain people might have a higher chance of getting cancer because of the DNA they inherit.

By understanding these points, we can see how important genetics is in cancer. This also shows why studying mutations is key to finding better ways to treat cancer.