Running speed is influenced by a few key factors related to how our bodies move. Let's break them down:

1. Stride Length:

   • Elite male runners usually have a stride length of about 1.5 to 2.0 meters.
   • Elite female runners have an average stride length of around 1.3 to 1.8 meters.
   • When runners sprint, they can stretch their stride length, which helps them run faster.

2. Stride Frequency:

   • Fast runners take about 180 to 220 steps every minute.
   • If runners increase their stride frequency (which means how often they step), they can run more efficiently and faster.
   • Studies show that a 5% increase in steps per minute can lead to a 1% boost in running performance.

3. Ground Contact Time:

   • Competitive runners try to keep their feet on the ground for only 200 to 300 milliseconds.
   • Spending less time on the ground usually means they can run faster.

4. Vertical Oscillation:

   • Runners should aim for a vertical movement of about 6 to 8 centimeters.
   • Keeping this movement low can save energy and help them run faster.

5. Body Position and Mechanics:

   • Having the right running form is important.
   • A slight forward lean with a relaxed upper body helps reduce wind resistance and lets them push off the ground more effectively.

In summary, these factors work together to help runners be more economical and quicker on their feet.