Ecosystems are made up of important parts. Let's break them down:

1. Biotic Factors: These are living things. They include:

   • Producers: These are plants. They make up about 80% of the weight in an ecosystem.
   • Consumers: These are animals that eat other living things. They can be:
     • Herbivores: Animals that eat plants only.
     • Carnivores: Animals that eat other animals.
     • Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and animals.
   • Decomposers: These are tiny organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead things.

2. Abiotic Factors: These are the non-living parts of an ecosystem. They include:

   • Sunlight: This is really important for plants to make their food through photosynthesis.
   • Water: It covers about 71% of the Earth. It's crucial for all living things.
   • Soil nutrients: These are the minerals plants need to grow.

3. Energy Flow: This is how energy moves through food chains. Only about 10% of energy from one level of the food chain is passed on to the next level.

4. Nutrient Cycling: This is how important elements like carbon and nitrogen are reused. For example, carbon moves through the ecosystem in processes like photosynthesis (where plants make food) and respiration (where living things use oxygen and release carbon dioxide).

Understanding these parts helps us see how ecosystems work together!