Torsion is when an object twists because of forces applied to it. Here are the main ideas you should know:

• Torque (T): This is the force that causes twisting. You can think of it like using a wrench to turn a bolt. Torque is calculated by using the formula: T = r × F. Here, r is the distance from the center of the object to where you’re pushing, and F is the force you’re using.

• Polar Moment of Inertia (J): This is a way to measure how resistant an object is to twisting. It helps us understand how much it will twist when forces are applied. It’s a bit tricky to calculate, but it involves looking at the shape and size of the object.

• Shear Stress (τ): This stress happens when the object is twisted. The formula to find shear stress is τ = (T × r) ÷ J. This shows how the stress changes based on where you are in the object and its shape.

These concepts can be hard to understand because they involve complicated math and different types of materials.

But don’t worry! Using simulation tools and working together with others can really help you learn more about torsion and make things clearer.