Advaita and Dvaita are two important ideas in Vedanta philosophy. They look at the world in different ways and how we connect with our true selves and the ultimate reality.

Key Differences:

1. Nature of Reality:

   • Advaita: This belief says that Atman (the individual soul) and Brahman (the ultimate reality) are the same. A well-known saying, "Tat Tvam Asi," means "You are That," showing they are connected.
   • Dvaita: This viewpoint argues that Atman and Brahman are always separate. It believes our individual souls are different and unique from one another.

2. Moksha (Liberation):

   • Advaita: To reach liberation, one needs to realize their true self and understand that the everyday world is not what it seems. This false reality is called Maya.
   • Dvaita: Liberation comes from loving and being devoted to a personal god. It focuses on receiving grace and surrendering to that god.

3. Philosophical Foundations:

   • Advaita: This idea is mainly linked to Adi Shankaracharya, who lived from 788 to 820 CE.
   • Dvaita: This philosophy was started by Madhvacharya, who lived from 1238 to 1317 CE.

Popularity Statistics:

• Advaita: Many people around the world follow Advaita, especially in groups that don't focus on a personal god.
• Dvaita: This idea is popular in devotional Hinduism, especially among Vaishnavites in places like Karnataka. About 20% of Hindus connect with the ideas of Dvaita.