Understanding the differences between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes can be tricky for many students. Let's break it down:

1. What They Mean:

   • Homozygous: This means you have two identical alleles, like $AA$ or $aa$.
   • Heterozygous: This means you have two different alleles, like $Aa$.

2. How They Work:

   • Homozygous traits usually show clear results, but they don’t allow much variation in genes.
   • Heterozygous traits can be more complicated. They may show different traits depending on which allele is stronger.

3. Using Punnett Squares:

   • Punnett Squares are tools we use to see how traits might be passed down.
   • However, students often find these squares confusing. Mistakes while filling them out can lead to wrong ideas about how traits are inherited.

To make things easier, practicing with more examples and pictures can really help. Group studies and online resources can also make these concepts clearer.