Understanding How We Learn: Two Different Theories

There are two main ideas about how we learn: the Information Processing Theory and the Constructivist Theory. Each one helps us see learning in a different way.

Information Processing Theory

Think of this theory like a computer. It compares the human mind to a computer and describes how we take in, sort, store, and use information.

Imagine a factory assembly line:

1. Data comes in.
2. It gets processed.
3. It is stored for later use.

The key parts of this model are:

• Sensory Memory: This is where we briefly hold information from our senses.
• Working Memory: This is like our brain's desk where we keep things for quick access.
• Long-Term Memory: This is where we store information for a long time.

This theory is all about how we take information, change it, and keep it in our minds.

Constructivist Theory

Now, let’s look at Constructivist Theory. This idea says that learning isn’t just about receiving information; it’s more like building.

Imagine you are building a house. You don’t just get the bricks (which are like facts or information); you decide how to shape them based on what you already know and your experiences.

According to this theory:

• Learners create their understanding by interacting with the world around them and socializing with others.
• What you already know plays a big role in how you understand new information.

Comparing the Two Theories

Here’s a breakdown of how these two theories differ:

• Role of Knowledge:

  • Information Processing: Thinks of knowledge as a list of facts or steps to memorize.
  • Constructivist: Sees knowledge as something that changes and grows based on experiences and surroundings.

• Learning Process:

  • Information Processing: Focuses on organizing and retrieving information in a structured way.
  • Constructivist: Encourages exploration, problem-solving, and working together with others.

• Assessment Focus:

  • Information Processing: Prefers tests and clear results to measure learning.
  • Constructivist: Supports assessments that focus on understanding in real-life situations.

Both theories give us important ideas about learning. They highlight different aspects of how our minds work and can help teachers find the best ways to teach. Knowing the differences between these theories is important for anyone who wants to connect with students and improve their learning experiences.