When we look at cells in biology, there are two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Let’s break down the main differences between them:

1. Size:

   • Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller. They can be about 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers.
   • Eukaryotic cells are bigger, typically ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers.

2. Nucleus:

   • Prokaryotic cells don’t have a true nucleus. Their DNA is stored in a part called the nucleoid.
   • Eukaryotic cells have a clear nucleus that holds their DNA.

3. Organelles:

   • Prokaryotes don’t have organelles with walls around them. They do have ribosomes, but they are simpler.
   • Eukaryotes have many different organelles, like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, which help the cell do specific jobs.

4. Reproduction:

   • Prokaryotic cells can only reproduce asexually, which is done through a method called binary fission.
   • Eukaryotic cells can reproduce in two ways: asexually (through mitosis) and sexually (through meiosis).

Examples:

• A common example of a prokaryote is E. coli, which is a type of bacteria.
• Humans are examples of eukaryotes!