To learn how to use present tense verbs in Spanish, we need to change verbs based on their endings.

There are three main types of regular verbs: -ar, -er, and -ir.

Present Tense Conjugations

Regular -ar verbs (like estudiar - to study)

| Subject Pronoun | Conjugation | |-----------------------|------------------| | yo | estudi o | | tú | estudi as | | él/ella | estudi a | | nosotros/nosotras | estudi amos | | vosotros/vosotras | estudi áis | | ellos/ellas | estudi an |

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Regular -er verbs (like comer - to eat)

| Subject Pronoun | Conjugation | |-----------------------|------------------| | yo | com o | | tú | com es | | él/ella | com e | | nosotros/nosotras | com emos | | vosotros/vosotras | com éis | | ellos/ellas | com en |

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Regular -ir verbs (like vivir - to live)

| Subject Pronoun | Conjugation | |-----------------------|------------------| | yo | viv o | | tú | viv es | | él/ella | viv e | | nosotros/nosotras | viv imos | | vosotros/vosotras | viv ís | | ellos/ellas | viv en |

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Common Irregular Verbs

Some verbs don't follow the usual rules. Here are a few:

1. Ser (to be)

   • yo soy
   • tú eres
   • él/ella es
   • nosotros somos
   • vosotros sois
   • ellos son

2. Estar (to be)

   • yo estoy
   • tú estás
   • él/ella está
   • nosotros estamos
   • vosotros estáis
   • ellos están

3. Tener (to have)

   • yo tengo
   • tú tienes
   • él/ella tiene
   • nosotros tenemos
   • vosotros tenéis
   • ellos tienen

4. Ir (to go)

   • yo voy
   • tú vas
   • él/ella va
   • nosotros vamos
   • vosotros vais
   • ellos van

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Subject Pronouns

These words show who is doing the action:

• yo (I)
• tú (you, informal)
• él (he)
• ella (she)
• nosotros (we, for a group of guys or mixed)
• nosotras (we, for a group of girls)
• vosotros (you all, informal, for a group of guys or mixed)
• vosotras (you all, informal, for a group of girls)
• ellos (they, for a group of guys or mixed)
• ellas (they, for a group of girls)

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Making Negative Sentences

To say something is not happening, just put "no" before the verb.

Example:

• Yo no estudio. (I do not study.)

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Asking Simple Questions

To ask a question, switch the subject and verb.

Example:

• ¿Estudias tú? (Do you study?)

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Vocabulary and Important Points

• Definite Articles: el (the, masculine), la (the, feminine)
• Indefinite Articles: un (a, masculine), una (a, feminine)
• Possessive Adjectives: mi (my), tu (your), su (his/her), nuestro (our)
• Basic Conjunctions: y (and), o (or), pero (but)

Learning these basics will help you understand Spanish better and get ready for conversations!