Adjective agreement in gender and number is an important part of Spanish grammar. This means that adjectives must match the nouns they describe. Don’t worry! We’ll break it down so it’s easy to understand.

1. Gender Agreement

In Spanish, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Here’s how it works:

• Masculine nouns often end in "-o." For example:

  • El libro (the book)
  • El profesor (the male teacher)

• Feminine nouns usually end in "-a." For example:

  • La casa (the house)
  • La profesora (the female teacher)

When you use adjectives, they have to match the gender of the noun. For example:

• El libro interesante (the interesting book) – interesante stays the same.
• La casa interesante (the interesting house) – still interesante.

2. Number Agreement

Nouns can be one (singular) or more than one (plural). Adjectives need to match the number of the nouns:

• To make adjectives plural, just add "-s" if the word ends in a vowel, or "-es" if it ends in a consonant.
  • El libro interesante → Los libros interesantes (the interesting books)
  • La casa interesante → Las casas interesantes (the interesting houses)

3. Combining Gender and Number

Now, let’s combine both rules with some examples:

• Masculine singular: El perro negro (the black dog)
• Masculine plural: Los perros negros (the black dogs)
• Feminine singular: La gata negra (the black cat)
• Feminine plural: Las gatas negras (the black cats)

4. Special Cases

Some adjectives have special forms or don’t follow the rules:

• An adjective that ends in "-ista" doesn’t change with gender:
  • El artista (the artist, masculine)
  • La artista (the artist, feminine)

Practice Sentences

Now it’s your turn! Try to make sentences using these rules. Here are some examples:

• Yo tengo una tarea difícil. (I have a difficult homework.)
• Nosotros somos estudiantes responsables. (We are responsible students.)
• Ellos tienen amigos divertidos. (They have funny friends.)
• La comida rica es importante. (The tasty food is important.)

Key Vocabulary to Use:

• Daily Routines: ducharse (to shower), levantarse (to get up)
• School Terms: profesor (teacher), tarea (homework), clase (class)
• Hobbies: deportes (sports), música (music)
• Food: frutas (fruits), verduras (vegetables), comida (food)
• Family: madre (mother), hermano (brother), padre (father)

Understanding and using these rules for adjective agreement is important to create clear sentences. With practice, you’ll be able to describe people, places, and things. This will make it easier to have basic conversations!