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When we change sentences from present tense to reported speech in Russian, there are some important rules to follow. This makes sure the sentences are correct. We need to change verbs and pronouns.

1. Changing Verb Forms

When we use reported speech, the verb often changes to a past tense form. Here are some examples:

• Direct Speech: Он говорит, "Я играю в футбол."

  Indirect Speech: Он сказал, что он играл в футбол.

  (He said that he played football.)

• Direct Speech: Она говорит, "Я учу русский."

  Indirect Speech: Она сказала, что она учила русский.

  (She said that she studied Russian.)

2. Pronoun Changes

We also need to change pronouns based on who is speaking. Here’s how some common pronouns change:

• Я (I) ➔ Он/Она (He/She)
• Мы (We) ➔ Они (They)
• Ты (You, informal) ➔ Он/Она (He/She) (depending on the context)

Examples:

• Direct Speech: "Я люблю эту книгу."

  Indirect Speech: Он сказал, что он любил эту книгу.

  (He said that he loved this book.)

• Direct Speech: "Ты решаешь проблему."

  Indirect Speech: Она сказала, что он решал проблему.

  (She said that he was solving the problem.)

3. Other Changes

When we change to reported speech, some other parts of the sentence might change too:

• "да" (yes) and "нет" (no) stay the same but match the reported statement.
• Time words might also change. For example, "сейчас" (now) usually becomes "тогда" (then).

Example:

• Direct Speech: "Я читаю сейчас."

  Indirect Speech: Она сказала, что она читала тогда.

  (She said that she was reading then.)

By practicing these changes, you will get better at using reported speech in Russian. This way, you can share what people say or think more clearly.

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