In Spanish, it’s important to know subject pronouns. They tell us who is doing the action in a sentence.

Here are the Spanish subject pronouns:

• Yo (I)
• Tú (you, informal)
• Él (he)
• Ella (she)
• Usted (you, formal)
• Nosotros/Nosotras (we; masculine/feminine)
• Vosotros/Vosotras (you all; masculine/feminine, informal in Spain)
• Ellos/Ellas (they; masculine/feminine)

Present Tense Conjugation of Regular Verbs

When we use regular verbs, the endings change depending on the subject pronoun.

• For -ar verbs (like hablar, which means "to speak"):

  • Yo hablo (I speak)
  • Tú hablas (You speak)

• For -er verbs (like comer, which means "to eat"):

  • Yo como (I eat)
  • Tú comes (You eat)

• For -ir verbs (like vivir, which means "to live"):

  • Yo vivo (I live)
  • Tú vives (You live)

Ser vs. Estar

In Spanish, there are two verbs that mean "to be":

• Ser is for permanent traits, like:

  • Yo soy feliz (I am happy).

• Estar is for temporary states or locations, like:

  • Yo estoy en casa (I am at home).

Definite and Indefinite Articles

Articles help us identify nouns:

• Definite:
  • el (the, masculine)
  • la (the, feminine)
• Indefinite:
  • un (a, masculine)
  • una (a, feminine)

Adjective-Noun Agreement

In Spanish, adjectives need to match the nouns they describe in gender and number:

• El coche rojo (The red car)
• Las casas grandes (The big houses)

Basic Sentence Structure

Spanish sentences usually follow a simple order: subject-verb-object.

• For example:
  • Yo como manzanas (I eat apples).

Interrogative Words

These words help us ask questions:

• Qué (what)
• Quién (who)
• Dónde (where)
• Cuándo (when)
• Por qué (why)
• Cómo (how)

Negation

To say something is not happening, use no before the verb:

• No como (I do not eat).

Possessive Adjectives

These show ownership and need to match the nouns:

• Mi (my)
• Tu (your)
• Su (his/her/its/their)
• Nuestro (our)
• Vuestro (your plural)

Simple Prepositions

Here are some common prepositions:

• En (in)
• A (to)
• Con (with)
• De (of/from)
• Por (for)
• Para (for/to)

Now you have a good overview of some key Spanish grammar points that can help you with learning the language!