Genetic mutations are really cool because they can happen in different ways.

1. Types of Mutations:

• Point Mutations: These are small changes where just one part of the DNA, called a nucleotide, is altered. This can change an amino acid in a protein, which may affect how the protein works.
• Frameshift Mutations: These happen when nucleotides are added or taken away. This changes how the DNA is read and can make totally new proteins that usually don’t work.

2. Causes:

• Random Errors: Sometimes, mutations happen by chance when DNA is copied.
• External Factors: Other times, things from outside, like radiation, UV light from the sun, or harmful chemicals can cause mutations. These outside factors are known as mutagens, and they can lead to big changes in living things.

So, while some mutations happen randomly, things from our surroundings can play a big part too!