Cartographers, or map makers, have some tough problems when they try to make maps. Here are a few of the biggest challenges they face:

1. Distortion: When map makers try to show the round Earth on a flat piece of paper, things get a bit tricky. This can cause:

   • The shapes of places to look weird.
   • The sizes of areas to seem wrong.
   • Distances between places to be off.
   • Directions to not always be correct.

2. Choosing the Right Projection: There are many kinds of map projections, and picking the right one can be hard. For example, a projection that is great for navigating might not show the true size of land areas.

3. Too Much Data: Map makers have to deal with a lot of geographic data. This can make it hard to keep the maps clear and accurate.

Possible Solutions:

• Use different map projections for different needs.
• Use better technology and software to help manage the data and design the maps.