Samuel Huntington was an important political scientist who helped us understand the idea of the "Clash of Civilizations."

In 1993, he wrote an essay and later published a book called "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order."

His work gives us a way to think about conflicts happening in the world after the Cold War.

Key Points:

1. Groups of Civilizations:

   • Huntington talked about eight major world civilizations.
   • These include:
     • Western
     • Confucian
     • Japanese
     • Islamic
     • Hindu
     • Slavic-Orthodox
     • Latin American
     • African
   • He believed that fights would happen mainly between these groups, not just within countries.

2. Predictions After the Cold War:

   • Huntington thought there would be more conflicts between these civilizations, especially between the West and Islamic or Confucian cultures.
   • He saw that religious and cultural identities were becoming more important.
   • He predicted that by the year 2000, half of all violent conflicts would be because of cultural differences.

3. Global Effects:

   • He believed that countries would form alliances and conflicts based on civilizations.
   • For example, during the 1990s, we saw wars like the Bosnian War (from 1992 to 1995) and the rise of Islamic extremism, which supported his ideas.

4. Trends in Data:

   • Huntington looked at data from 1945 to 1992.
   • He found that cultural and religious identities became more obvious in conflicts.
   • He stated that almost 90% of civil wars were due to ethnic or religious issues.

Huntington's bold ideas have caused a lot of discussions and studies about world politics. His work has shaped how scholars and government leaders think about international relationships today.