Understanding how different genes interact with their environment is really important in the study of genetics. Here are some simple ways to analyze these interactions:

1. Field Experiments:

   • In these experiments, scientists look at how different types of plants or animals work in real surroundings. They check how well different genotypes do in various environments. They use tools like ANOVA to compare them.

2. Common Garden Experiments:

   • This method involves growing different types of plants or animals in the same place. By creating a uniform environment, scientists can see the effects of genes without environmental factors messing things up. It helps them measure how much heredity plays a role.

3. QTL Mapping:

   • This stands for Quantitative Trait Locus mapping. It's a way to find specific genes linked to traits in different environments. Today, scientists use advanced models for QTL analysis. They often find that heredity can explain about 30% to 70% of the traits.

4. Genomic Selection:

   • This method uses specific markers called SNPs to predict how well a genotype might do in different setups. With this, scientists can reach accuracies of over 80% for some traits.

Together, these methods help us learn more about how genes interact with their surroundings. They also help scientists in breeding programs to create better plants and animals.