Radioactivity is when unstable parts of an atom, called nuclei, let out energy and tiny particles to become more stable. This happens in some elements, especially those that are heavy, and it changes their structure.

There are three main kinds of radioactive decay:

1. Alpha Decay:

   • During this type, an alpha particle, which is made up of two protons and two neutrons, leaves the nucleus.
   • This means the atom becomes a new element with a lower atomic number by 2. For example, when Uranium-238 goes through alpha decay, it changes into Thorium-234:
   • Uranium-238 → Thorium-234 + alpha particle

2. Beta Decay:

   • In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton and releases a beta particle, which is an electron.
   • This raises the atomic number by 1, turning it into a different element. A good example is Carbon-14 changing into Nitrogen-14:
   • Carbon-14 → Nitrogen-14 + beta particle

3. Gamma Decay:

   • Gamma decay involves the release of energy as gamma rays.
   • This happens without changing anything about the atomic number or mass. It usually occurs after alpha or beta decay when the nucleus needs to get rid of extra energy.

Knowing about these types of decay helps us understand how radioactivity can change elements and affect their stability on the periodic table!