In Spanish, making a sentence usually follows a simple order: subject + verb + object. Let's break this down step by step and focus on some key grammar points.

Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns show us who is doing the action. Here are the common ones:

• Yo (I)
• Tú (You - informal)
• Él (He)
• Ella (She)
• Nosotros (We - masculine)
• Nosotras (We - feminine)
• Vosotros (You all - informal in Spain)
• Ellos (They - masculine)
• Ellas (They - feminine)

Verb Conjugation

It’s key to know how to change verbs in the present tense. Regular verbs fit into three groups: -ar, -er, and -ir. Here are examples for each type:

• -ar verb (hablar - to speak)

  • Yo hablo (I speak)
  • Tú hablas (You speak)

• -er verb (comer - to eat)

  • Yo como (I eat)
  • Ellos comen (They eat)

• -ir verb (vivir - to live)

  • Yo vivo (I live)
  • Nosotros vivimos (We live)

Noun-Adjective Agreement

In Spanish, adjectives (words that describe nouns) must match the nouns in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). Here’s how it works:

• Masculine Singular: el coche rojo (the red car)
• Feminine Singular: la casa roja (the red house)
• Masculine Plural: los coches rojos (the red cars)
• Feminine Plural: las casas rojas (the red houses)

Articles

Articles help to define nouns. They change depending on gender and number:

• Definite Articles:

  • el (masculine singular)
  • la (feminine singular)
  • los (masculine plural)
  • las (feminine plural)

• Indefinite Articles:

  • un (masculine singular)
  • una (feminine singular)
  • unos (masculine plural)
  • unas (feminine plural)

Vocabulary Themes

Here are some useful vocabulary themes:

• Common greetings: hola (hello), adiós (goodbye)
• Numbers: 1-20 (uno, dos, tres, etc.)
• Days and months: lunes (Monday), enero (January)
• Family members: madre (mother), padre (father)
• Basic colors: rojo (red), verde (green)

Formulating Questions

To ask simple questions in Spanish, you can use these patterns:

• ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
• ¿Qué es esto? (What is this?)

In conclusion, if you learn the basic sentence structure in Spanish, how to change verbs, match nouns with adjectives, and some common vocabulary, you can make simple and clear sentences. This will help you have everyday conversations.