In Spanish, we have two verbs that mean "to be": "ser" and "estar."

Even though they both mean the same thing, we use them in different situations. Knowing when to use each one is really important. It helps you say exactly what you mean!

Key Differences Between "Ser" and "Estar":

1. When to Use "Ser":

   • Identity and Traits: We use "ser" to have things that are usually true.
     Example: Ella es alta. (She is tall.)
   • Jobs: We use it when talking about jobs.
     Example: Yo soy profesor. (I am a teacher.)
   • Where Someone Is From and What Something Is Made Of: This helps us know where someone is from or what something is made of.
     Example: Ellos son de España. (They are from Spain.)
   • Time and Dates: We use "ser" to tell time and dates.
     Example: Son las dos. (It is two o'clock.)

2. When to Use "Estar":

   • Location: We use "estar" to show where someone or something is.
     Example: Estoy en casa. (I am at home.)
   • Feelings and Physical States: We use it to talk about how someone feels or their emotions.
     Example: Ella está feliz. (She is happy.)
   • Temporary Situations: We use "estar" for things that are happening right now or that won’t last.
     Example: Estamos estudiando. (We are studying.)

Regular Verb Conjugations in Present Tense:

• AR Verbs: Hablar (to speak)
  Yo hablo, tú hablas, él habla, nosotros hablamos, ellos hablan

• ER Verbs: Comer (to eat)
  Yo como, tú comes, él come, nosotros comemos, ellos comen

• IR Verbs: Vivir (to live)
  Yo vivo, tú vives, él vive, nosotros vivimos, ellos viven

Irregular Verb Conjugations:

• Ser: Soy, eres, es, somos, son
• Estar: Estoy, estás, está, estamos, están
• Ir: Voy, vas, va, vamos, van
• Tener: Tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

Subject Pronouns:

• Yo (I)
• Tú (you - informal)
• Él/Ella/Usted (he/she/you - formal)
• Nosotros/Nosotras (we)
• Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (they/you all)

Making Negative Sentences:

If you want to say something is not true, just add "no" before the verb.
Example: No soy profesor. (I am not a teacher.)
Example: No estás en casa. (You are not at home.)

By learning these rules, you will get better at speaking Spanish and understanding how the language works!