Calculus is really important for understanding how electrical circuits work. Here’s how it helps:

1. Current and Voltage:

   • We can use Ohm's Law, which shows that Voltage (V) is equal to Current (I) times Resistance (R).
   • When we want to see how voltage changes over time, we use something called derivatives.

2. Capacitance and Inductance:

   • For capacitors, the voltage can be explained with this formula: $V(t) = V_0(1 - e^{-t/RC})$.
   • For inductors, we look at how the current changes using the formula $V_L = L \frac{di}{dt}$.

3. AC Circuit Analysis:

   • Calculus helps us understand sinusoidal functions, which are very important for studying alternating current (AC) systems.

In short, calculus is a key tool for modeling and understanding how circuits behave. This knowledge allows engineers to create electrical systems that are efficient and reliable.