Gregor Mendel did some really important experiments with pea plants. His work is the start of modern genetics, and it still matters in today's research about genes. By figuring out the ideas of dominant and recessive traits, Mendel explained how traits are passed from parents to kids. This led to what we now call Mendelian inheritance.

Important Discoveries:

1. Law of Segregation: Mendel discovered that pairs of alleles split apart when forming gametes (which are like seeds for new plants). This is key to predicting how traits are passed on.

2. Law of Independent Assortment: He found that traits can be inherited separately from each other. This is important for understanding how different characteristics vary.

Ongoing Influence:

• Genetic Engineering: Modern methods like CRISPR use Mendel's ideas to change genes in living things.
• Breeding Plants and Animals: Mendel’s discoveries help farmers breed better crops and healthier animals, which can mean more food and less disease.
• Genetic Disorders: Knowing how traits are inherited helps scientists find and manage genetic disorders in humans.

Mendel's work isn't just something from the past; it's the base of new research that keeps exploring the secrets of genetics today.