Let’s look at how encapsulation and abstraction work in object-oriented programming (OOP).

Using simple examples can really help us understand these ideas better.

Example 1: Banking System

• Abstraction: When you go to an ATM, you see a simple screen. You can check your balance or take out money without needing to know how everything inside works.
• Encapsulation: The ATM keeps important information, like your account number and transaction details, hidden and safe. You can’t see this information directly; instead, you use the buttons on the screen to interact with the machine.

Example 2: Car Controls

• Abstraction: When you drive, the steering wheel, pedals, and dashboard help you control the car without needing to understand the complex engine inside.
• Encapsulation: Each part of the car, like the engine or brakes, keeps its details and functions private. You can’t just open up the engine and change how it works.

These examples show us how encapsulation keeps things safe and hidden, while abstraction makes it easier for us to use those features. Both of these ideas are really important in OOP!