The electromagnetic spectrum includes different types of waves. Each type has its own special uses. Here's a simple breakdown:

1. Radio Waves (3 kHz - 300 GHz):

   • These waves are used for communication, like FM and AM radio.
   • Their wavelengths can be as short as 1 millimeter or as long as 1000 kilometers.

2. Microwaves (300 MHz - 300 GHz):

   • Microwaves are found in microwave ovens (about 2.45 GHz) and in Doppler radar.
   • Their wavelengths range from about 1 millimeter to 1 meter.

3. Infrared Radiation (800 nm - 1 mm):

   • This type is used in thermal imaging and remote controls.
   • The wavelengths go from 0.8 micrometers to 1000 micrometers.

4. Visible Light (400 - 700 nm):

   • This light helps us see and is important for photography.
   • The wavelengths vary from 400 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red).

5. Ultraviolet (10 nm - 400 nm):

   • Ultraviolet light is used to sterilize things and in fluorescent lamps.
   • These wavelengths range from 10 nanometers to 400 nanometers.

6. X-Rays (0.01 nm - 10 nm):

   • X-rays are important for taking images in hospitals and for security checks.
   • Their wavelengths are between 0.01 nanometers and 10 nanometers.

7. Gamma Rays (<0.01 nm):

   • Gamma rays are used for cancer treatment and studying space.
   • Their wavelengths are shorter than 0.01 nanometers.

In summary, the electromagnetic spectrum is a collection of waves, each with unique lengths and uses, from radio waves that help us communicate to gamma rays that help us in medicine and research.