Cognitive biases make it harder to figure out what illness someone has. Here are some common ways they get in the way:

1. Anchoring: This happens when doctors stick too closely to their first thoughts about a patient's condition. They might miss other possible health issues because they’re not looking at the whole picture.

2. Confirmation Bias: This is when doctors pay more attention to information that supports what they already believe. They might ignore other facts that could be important.

3. Availability Heuristic: Sometimes, recent cases stick in a doctor's mind, making them think that similar cases are more common than they really are. This can lead to wrong decisions about how risky a situation is.

To help with these problems, doctors can use a few helpful strategies:

• They can follow structured steps for diagnosing.
• They can talk with their peers about the cases.
• They can use tools that help with decision-making.

These steps can help doctors think more clearly and make better decisions when diagnosing patients.