Genetic biomarkers play a key role in the growth of personalized medicine, especially in how we treat diseases.
What Are Genetic Biomarkers and Why Do They Matter?
- Genetic Biomarkers: These are special markers in our genes that are linked to certain diseases or how well we respond to treatments.
- They help doctors create custom treatment plans that work better for individual patients while reducing side effects.
Some Eye-Opening Stats
- About 30% of patients getting standard chemotherapy don’t see results. This happens because of differences in how their bodies process the drugs.
- Research shows that using genetic tests to find these biomarkers can lead to better results. In fact, matching treatments to a person’s genetics can boost success rates by 50%.
How Are They Used in Treatments?
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Cancer Treatment (Oncology):
- Patients with a type of breast cancer called ERBB2 (HER2) positive have a better chance of survival (by 30%) when treated with a medicine called trastuzumab.
- Certain changes in the EGFR gene allow the use of targeted medications like gefitinib, which have response rates as high as 75%.
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Heart Health (Cardiovascular Medicine):
- Differences in the CYP2C19 gene affect how the heart medication clopidogrel works. If these differences aren’t found, some patients could face a 50% higher risk of heart problems.
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Mental Health (Psychiatry):
- Variations in CYP450 enzymes can help predict how well everyone responds to antidepressants, leading to better dosages for up to 50% of patients.
In Summary
Using genetic biomarkers in personalized medicine makes treatments more accurate, lessens trial-and-error, and helps doctors provide better care in many areas of healthcare.