In Mendelian genetics, it's important to understand two types of genotypes: homozygous and heterozygous.

Let’s break them down:

• Homozygous Genotypes:

  • This means that a person has two identical alleles for a trait.
  • For example, they could be $AA$ (dominant) or $aa$ (recessive).
  • Because of this, they can show only one specific appearance or trait.

• Heterozygous Genotypes:

  • This means a person has two different alleles, like $Aa$.
  • Usually, they show the dominant trait and hide the recessive one.

Mendel's experiments helped us see how these different genotypes work.

Homozygous plants or animals often have babies that look a lot like them.

On the other hand, heterozygous beings can have a variety of traits in their offspring.

It's pretty cool to think about how these gene combinations affect how traits are passed down and how different they can be!