Mutations are very important for the evolution of living things. They change genes, which can create different traits in organisms. This variety helps species adapt to their surroundings over time.

How Mutations Work:

• Changes in DNA: Mutations are random changes in an organism's DNA. These changes can affect how traits show up.
• Types of Mutations: Mutations can be good, bad, or have no effect at all. Here are some examples:
  • Good Mutation: For instance, a mutation in a bacterium that makes it resistant to antibiotics.
  • Bad Mutation: A mutation that results in a genetic disorder in humans.

Example in Nature:

Let’s look at peppered moths in England.

Before the Industrial Revolution, light-colored moths were very common.

But when pollution darkened the trees, dark-colored moths had an advantage.

This was a good mutation because it helped them hide from predators.

To sum it up, mutations are essential for creating the genetic variety that helps living things evolve. They allow species to adapt and thrive in changing environments.