Refraction helps us understand how light works. It happens when light moves from one material to another, causing it to change speed and direction.

Key Points:

• Speed Change: Light moves faster in air than it does in water. For example, when light goes from air into water, it slows down and bends toward a straight line called the normal line.

• Snell's Law: We can use a rule called Snell's Law to explain how refraction works. It says that: $n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2)$ Here, $n$ represents how much the light bends in each material, and $\theta$ is the angle of the light.

• Illustrative Example: Have you ever noticed a straw in a glass of water looks like it’s bent at the surface? That’s because of refraction.

This bending of light helps us see things that are underwater, making our view of the world clearer and more interesting.