Mastering how to integrate common functions like polynomials, exponentials, and trigonometric functions can feel tough for Grade 12 AP Calculus AB students.

There are many techniques needed for different types of functions. Here are some helpful strategies to make the process easier:

1. Understand the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: This idea can be confusing, but it's very important. It connects the concepts of differentiation (finding derivatives) and integration (finding integrals). Taking time to understand this link can make things clearer.

2. Practice Basic Integration Rules: Remembering the power rule, product rule, and integral tables can feel like a lot to handle. But practicing regularly is key! Integration often requires you to notice patterns.

3. Use Substitution Wisely: Techniques like $u$-substitution can be tricky. Many students find it hard to pick the right substitution and this can be frustrating. Going through examples step-by-step can help make it easier.

4. Learn Integration by Parts: Integrating products of functions can be especially hard. The formula $\int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du$ is a helpful tool, but students sometimes mix up $u$ and $dv$, which can lead to mistakes.

5. Tackle Trigonometric Integrals: These integrals can be really challenging. Knowing trigonometric identities and transformations is very important for solving them.

In conclusion, while mastering the integration of common functions can be difficult, consistent practice and smart strategies can help students make progress. Keep at it, and you'll improve!