The Roman economy was successful for several important reasons:

1. Building Roads:

   • The Romans built over 250,000 miles of roads.
   • This made it easier to move goods and soldiers throughout the empire.

2. Trade Connections:

   • The Roman Empire had a wide network of trade reaching places like the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
   • Key ports, like Ostia and Alexandria, helped with this trade.
   • Alexandria was especially busy, handling about $50 million in trade every year.

3. Coins for Trading:

   • The Romans introduced a silver coin called the denarius.
   • This made it easier for everyone to trade, as there was a common money system.
   • It also helped keep prices stable for many years.

4. Farming Practices:

   • Romans used large farms called latifundia, which were worked by slaves.
   • This system increased food production.
   • For instance, provinces like Egypt provided about 40% of the empire's grain, feeding cities filled with people.

5. Tax System:

   • The Roman tax system included a land tax and a head tax.
   • This brought in a lot of money for the empire.
   • By the 2nd century AD, taxes accounted for about 20% of the empire's economy, helping to support the army and public projects.

6. Strong Military:

   • A strong military protected trade routes and borders, helping businesses grow.
   • Roman soldiers were stationed all around the empire, maintaining peace and protecting economic interests.

All these factors worked together to build a strong economy. This strength was important for the Roman Empire’s lasting influence and its ability to expand across three continents.