The Kalmar Union was created in 1397 and brought together Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under one ruler, Queen Margaret I. However, this union led to a lot of problems:
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Fighting for Control:
- Control Over Sweden: Many people in Sweden didn't like being controlled by others. The Swedish nobles often argued with the Danish kings because they wanted more independence.
- Danish Power: Denmark was at the center of the union, which caused tension, as Swedish and Norwegian needs were often overlooked.
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Economic Problems:
- Trade Issues: The union was supposed to make trade better, but there were many arguments over taxes and trade routes. Swedish merchants often felt they were treated unfairly compared to Danish merchants.
- Fighting Over Resources: Different groups within the union fought over important resources like wood and minerals, causing more anger.
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Civil Wars:
- Swedish Civil War (1434-1436): This was mainly a revolt against Danish control. It led to more local leaders gaining power and weakened the union.
- Involvement in Other Conflicts: The union also got mixed up in fights with the Hanseatic League and other nearby countries, which took attention away from their internal problems.
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End of the Union:
- The union faced many rebellions and came to an end in 1523 when Sweden decided to become independent under King Gustav Vasa. This marked the close of over a hundred years of difficult unity.
These conflicts show how complicated and challenging the Kalmar Union was for the relationships between these Nordic countries.