In Mandarin, there are special verbs that help us talk about what we can do and what we need to do. These verbs are 能 (néng), 会 (huì), and 要 (yào). Let’s break down how to use them!
1. Understanding Actions
- Completed Actions: We use 了 (le) to show that something has finished.
- For example: 我能完成任务了 (Wǒ néng wánchéng rènwu le) means "I can complete the task now."
- Ongoing Actions: We use 在 (zài) to talk about things happening right now.
- For example: 我能在这里学习 (Wǒ néng zài zhèlǐ xuéxí) means "I can study here."
2. Learning Modal Verbs
- 能 (néng): This verb means what someone can do or if they have permission.
- For example: 我能游泳 (Wǒ néng yóuyǒng) means "I can swim."
- 会 (huì): This shows skills someone has learned or something certain that will happen in the future.
- For example: 我会说汉语 (Wǒ huì shuō Hànyǔ) means "I can speak Chinese."
- 要 (yào): This verb tells us what we need or want to do.
- For example: 我需要休息 (Wǒ xūyào xiūxí) means "I need to rest."
3. Sentence Structures
- Resultative Complements: This shows the result of something that’s done.
- For example: 我学会了 (Wǒ xuéhuì le) means "I have learned."
- Directional Complements: This shows where an action is going.
- For example: 我走进教室 (Wǒ zǒu jìn jiàoshì) means "I walk into the classroom."
4. Different Ways to Structure Sentences
- Topic-Comment Structure: We mention the topic first.
- For example: 汉语，我可以说 (Hànyǔ, wǒ kěyǐ shuō) means "Chinese, I can speak it."
- Passive Voice (被): This puts focus on the action rather than who does it.
- For example: 这个问题被解答了 (Zhège wèntí bèi jiědá le) means "This question was answered."
5. Using Conjunctions and Complex Sentences
- 如 (rú): This means “such as.”
- For example: 有很多爱好，如绘画和音乐 (Yǒu hěnduō àihào, rú huìhuà hé yīnyuè) means "There are many hobbies, such as painting and music."
- 虽然...但是...: This shows contrasting ideas.
- For example: 虽然我忙，但是我能参加 (Suīrán wǒ máng, dànshì wǒ néng cānjiā) means "Although I am busy, I can participate."
By learning these parts, you'll be able to express what you can do and what you need to do in more detailed Mandarin sentences!