mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes are super important for how our genes work. They help in a process called gene expression, which is how our body makes proteins.

1. mRNA (Messenger RNA):

   • What it does: mRNA is like a message that carries information from our DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where proteins are made.
   • Fun fact: In humans, mRNA can be really long—sometimes several thousand building blocks, called nucleotides. Most mRNA that makes proteins is about 1,000 to 3,000 nucleotides long. Each piece of the message, called a codon, has three nucleotides. These codons tell the body what order to put amino acids together to make a protein.

2. tRNA (Transfer RNA):

   • What it does: tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome when proteins are being made. It matches its part, called an anticodon, with the correct codon on the mRNA.
   • Fun fact: There are about 45 different types of tRNA molecules in human cells. Each one is made for one or a few specific amino acids. The genetic code has 64 codons. Out of these, 61 tell the body to add an amino acid, and 3 act as signals to stop the process.

3. Ribosomes:

   • What they do: Ribosomes are like tiny machines where proteins are made. They help assemble amino acids into chains to form proteins.
   • Structure: Ribosomes have two parts: a large part and a small part. In eukaryotic cells, the large part is about 60S, and the small part is about 40S. Together, they include around 80 proteins and 4 pieces of rRNA.

In short, mRNA carries the instructions from our DNA, tRNA helps turn that information into proteins, and ribosomes are where all the action happens. Together, they are key players in how our genes express themselves and help our bodies function.