Understanding Measurement Systems Around the World

Countries all over the world use two main types of measurement systems: the metric system and the imperial system. Let’s break down why some countries choose one over the other. This choice comes from history, money matters, and culture.

A Bit of History

• Metric System: The metric system started in France in the late 18th century, around 1795. It was created to make measurements easier and more standard. The main units in the metric system are:

  • Meters for measuring length
  • Kilograms for measuring weight
  • Liters for measuring volume

• Imperial System: The imperial system comes from British measurements, which go all the way back to the Roman Empire. This system uses units like:

  • Inches
  • Feet
  • Pounds
  • Gallons

How Are They Used Today?

• Countries Using the Metric System: By 2023, about 95% of people in the world use the metric system. Countries such as France, Germany, Japan, and most of Africa and South America only use the metric system.

• Countries Sticking with the Imperial System: The United States is one of the few countries that still mostly uses the imperial system. About 10% of Americans use the metric system in their daily lives, but it is commonly used in scientific and military work.

Some Numbers to Know

1. Metric System Users: Out of 195 countries, around 180 officially use the metric system or have adopted it in some ways.
2. Imperial System Users: Only the U.S. and Myanmar mainly use the imperial system. Liberia uses both systems to some extent.
3. Science and Metric: About 70% of scientific articles are published using the metric system, showing how important it is for science and technology.

Pros and Cons of Each System

Metric System

• Easy to Use: The metric system is based on tens, so doing math is simpler. For example, 1 kilometer is the same as 1,000 meters.
• Fits Global Trade: Using one standard system helps countries trade easily with each other.

Imperial System

• Part of the Culture: The imperial system is tied to the culture and history of places like the U.S. Switching to the metric system might feel like losing a part of their identity.
• Feels More Familiar: Some people think that units like miles or pounds are easier to understand for everyday tasks, especially in areas like building or cooking.

Money Matters

Changing from one system to another isn't cheap. For example:

• Cost of Switching: The U.S. tried to switch to the metric system in the 1970s. It was estimated to cost around $400 million for businesses to change road signs, packaging, and school materials.
• International Trade: Countries using the metric system often have a smoother time trading with others, since most products are made using these measures. The total global trade is around $74 trillion, showing how important a common measurement system can be.

In Conclusion

Choosing between the metric and imperial systems depends on history, culture, and money. Most of the world uses the metric system because it’s easier and works well for international trade. However, some countries stick with their traditional systems because of cultural connections and practical reasons.