Waves move at different speeds depending on the materials they go through. This is because of two main things: density and elasticity.

• Density: Generally, waves move slower in thicker materials. For example, in gases, the tiny molecules are spread out, which makes sound waves travel slowly. But in solids, the particles are packed closely together. This helps waves move faster.

• Elasticity: This is about how well a material can return to its original shape after being stretched or squeezed. Materials that are more elastic let waves carry energy better. So, sound waves go faster in steel than in rubber because steel can bounce back more easily.

• Temperature: The temperature of a material can also change how fast waves move. In gases, when the temperature goes up, the molecules move around more. This can help the waves travel faster.

There’s a simple way to understand how wave speed ($v$), frequency ($f$), and wavelength ($\lambda$) are connected:

$v = f \cdot \lambda$

This means if the frequency stays the same and the wave speed goes up, then the wavelength gets longer.

In summary, wave speed is affected by the properties of the materials they pass through. That’s why sound travels faster in solids than in liquids or gases. Understanding how this works can explain everyday things, like why we hear someone talking across a room before we hear thunder far away.

Wave speed is important in many areas, like sound studies, earthquake research, and communication. Knowing about wave properties can really make a difference!