## How to Use "Not" to Make Sentences Negative in English When we want to say something is not true in English, we often use the word "not." Here’s how to make negative sentences easily: ### 1. **Negative Sentences with "to be":** - **Structure:** Subject + verb "to be" + "not" - **Example:** "She is not happy." ### 2. **Negative Sentences with Helping Verbs:** - **Structure:** Subject + helping verb + "not" + main verb - **Example:** "They do not (don't) like ice cream." ### 3. **Negative Sentences with Modal Verbs:** - **Structure:** Subject + modal verb + "not" + main verb - **Example:** "He cannot (can't) swim." ### 4. **Commands:** - **Structure:** Do not + base form of the verb - **Example:** "Do not run in the hall." ### Words to Know: - **happy** - **like** - **swim** - **run** Using "not" the right way helps us communicate clearly!
### Why is Subject-Verb Agreement Important for Clear Communication? **1. What is Subject-Verb Agreement?** Subject-verb agreement is a rule in grammar. It says that the subject of a sentence and the verb must match in number. - If the subject is one (singular), the verb should also be one (singular). - If the subject is more than one (plural), the verb should also be more than one (plural). **2. Grammar Rules** - **For Singular Subjects**: Use a singular verb. - Example: *The dog barks.* - **For Plural Subjects**: Use a plural verb. - Example: *The dogs bark.* **3. Why is Subject-Verb Agreement Important?** - **Clarity**: When the agreement is correct, it helps readers know who is doing the action. - Example: *She runs fast.* (singular) means one person is running. - Example: *They run fast.* (plural) means more than one person is running. - **Professionalism**: Using proper grammar shows that you care about details. This is important in school and work. **4. Sample Sentences** - *He loves swimming.* (singular subject and verb) - *We enjoy reading.* (plural subject and verb) **5. Common Mistakes** - Sometimes, people mix up singular and plural forms. - For example: *The cat eat quickly.* is wrong. - It should be: *The cat eats quickly.* By following the rules of subject-verb agreement, you can communicate effectively and clearly in English!
### What Words Can Describe Your Parents' Jobs? It's important to know some job-related words when talking about your family. In this lesson, we’ll learn some key words that describe what your parents do. This will help you have great conversations about their work. #### Common Job Words Here are some simple job titles you might use to describe your parents' jobs: 1. **Teacher** - Someone who teaches kids in schools. - Example: "My mom is a teacher." 2. **Doctor** - A person who helps people feel better when they're sick. - Example: "My dad is a doctor." 3. **Engineer** - A person who designs and builds things, like cars or buildings. - Example: "My uncle is an engineer." 4. **Nurse** - A person who helps doctors and cares for patients. - Example: "My aunt is a nurse." 5. **Chef** - A professional cook who works in restaurants. - Example: "My mom is a chef." 6. **Driver** - Someone who drives a vehicle, like a bus or taxi. - Example: "My dad is a driver." #### Talking About Their Work You can use other words to explain more about their jobs: - **Workplace** - The place where someone works. - Example: "My mom works at a school." - **Tasks** - The things someone does at their job. - Example: "My dad’s tasks include helping patients." - **Schedule** - The times when someone works. - Example: "My mom has a busy schedule." #### Sample Sentences 1. "My parents work hard to take care of our family." 2. "My mom is a teacher, and she loves helping students." 3. "My dad is a doctor who works long hours at the hospital." #### Grammar Tips When you talk about your parents' jobs, remember these simple rules for using words: - Use **is** for one person (e.g., "My dad is a doctor."). - Use **are** for more than one person (e.g., "My parents are teachers."). By using these words and sentences, you can easily describe your parents' jobs and learn more about how they help our family and community.
# What is Your Favorite Sport and Why? When you're talking about your favorite sport in English, it’s helpful to ask questions using WH-words. These special words help us get more information. Here are some common WH-words you can use: 1. **What** - to ask about something. 2. **Who** - to ask about a person. 3. **When** - to ask about time. 4. **Where** - to ask about a place. 5. **Why** - to ask for reasons. 6. **How** - to ask about the way something is done. ### Examples of Questions About Sports You can use these questions when talking about sports: - **What** is your favorite sport? - **Why** do you like this sport? - **Who** is your favorite athlete? - **When** do you usually play or watch this sport? - **Where** do you practice your favorite sport? ### Words Related to Sports Here are some simple sports words to know: - **Sport**: a physical activity that needs skill. - **Athlete**: a person who plays sports. - **Team**: a group of players working together. - **Competition**: a contest where people try to win against each other. ### Sample Answers Here are some examples of how to answer these questions: 1. **What is your favorite sport?** My favorite sport is basketball. 2. **Why do you like this sport?** I like basketball because it is fast and fun. 3. **Who is your favorite athlete?** My favorite athlete is LeBron James because he is a great player. 4. **When do you usually play or watch this sport?** I usually play basketball on weekends. 5. **Where do you practice your favorite sport?** I practice at my local gym. Using these WH-questions can help you share your ideas clearly. Have fun talking about sports!
### How Often Do You Join in Physical Activities? **What Are WH- Questions?** WH- questions help us learn more by asking specific questions. Here, we will look at questions that help us talk about physical activity. **Common WH- Words:** 1. **What** – to ask about things or activities. 2. **When** – to ask about time. 3. **Where** – to ask about places. 4. **Why** – to ask about reasons. 5. **How** – to ask about how often or the way something is done. **Examples of WH- Questions:** - **What** physical activities do you like? - **When** do you usually exercise? - **Where** do you enjoy playing sports? - **Why** is staying active important? - **How often** do you join in physical activities? (This is the question we will focus on.) **Practice:** Try asking these questions to a friend. It’s a great way to get better at having conversations!
# Understanding Negative Questions with "Not" In English, negative questions are important for talking with others. Today, we'll learn how to ask negative questions using the word "not." This guide is perfect for Year 1 students in a Swedish gymnasium who are learning basic conversation skills. ## What Are Negative Questions? Negative questions are questions that use a word that means “no.” These questions can sound more polite or are used when we want to make sure of something. Some common words used in negative questions are "not," "never," and "no." For this lesson, we'll focus on the word "not." ### Basic Structure To make a negative question using "not," you need to follow this simple structure: 1. **Auxiliary Verb** (like is, are, do, does, have) 2. **Subject** (who or what the question is about) 3. **Main Verb** (if you need it) 4. **Not** 5. **Question Mark** (?) ### Rules for Forming Negative Questions 1. **Use Auxiliary Verbs**: We often use helper verbs, called auxiliary verbs, when making negative questions. Examples include is, are, do, does, and have. 2. **Position of "Not"**: In negative questions, place "not" after the auxiliary verb and before the subject. ### Examples Let’s check out some examples: 1. **Using "are"**: - Positive: "Are you happy?" - Negative: "Aren't you happy?" 2. **Using "is"**: - Positive: "Is she coming?" - Negative: "Isn't she coming?" 3. **Using "do"**: - Positive: "Do they like chocolate?" - Negative: "Don't they like chocolate?" 4. **Using "have"**: - Positive: "Have you finished your homework?" - Negative: "Haven't you finished your homework?" ### Vocabulary - **Auxiliary Verb**: A helper verb (like is, are, do, have). - **Subject**: The person or thing the sentence talks about (like you, she, they). - **Negative**: A word that shows denial or disagreement (like not). ### Practice Now it's your turn! Try changing these sentences into negative questions: 1. "You like coffee." → "Don't you like coffee?" 2. "She plays soccer." → "Doesn't she play soccer?" 3. "They are here." → "Aren't they here?" ### Conclusion Negative questions that use "not" can help you improve your English speaking skills. Just remember to use the right auxiliary verbs and place "not" in the correct spot. With practice, you'll feel more comfortable asking negative questions in your conversations! Keep practicing, and don't be afraid to ask questions if you're unsure!
# Negative Sentences About Daily Routines In English, we use negative sentences to say that something is not happening or that someone is not doing something. In this lesson, we’ll learn how to make negative sentences using the word "not," especially when talking about daily routines. ## 1. How to Make Negative Sentences To create a negative sentence in English, we usually add "not" after the helping verb (this is a verb that helps another verb) or the verb "to be." For example: - Positive: "I go to the gym." - Negative: "I do not go to the gym." ### Basic Structure: **Subject + Helping Verb + Not + Main Verb...** Here are two main ways to form negative sentences: 1. **Subject + do/does + not + base form of the verb** 2. **Subject + am/is/are + not + complement** ## 2. Words Related to Daily Routines Before we look at examples, let’s check out some common verbs that describe daily routines: - **Wake up** - "I wake up at 7 AM." - **Eat** - "I eat breakfast." - **Work** - "I work from home." - **Exercise** - "I exercise every day." - **Study** - "I study at school." - **Sleep** - "I sleep at 10 PM." ## 3. Examples of Negative Sentences Now let’s make negative sentences using the verbs we just listed. Remember to follow the structures we learned! ### 3.1 Using "do not" or "does not" - **I do not wake up early.** - **You do not eat lunch at noon.** - **He does not exercise on weekends.** - **They do not study English every day.** - **She does not sleep well at night.** ### 3.2 Using "am not," "is not," or "are not" - **I am not tired in the morning.** - **She is not at the gym right now.** - **They are not late for school.** ## 4. Practice Exercise 1. Create negative sentences using these hints: - I (eat) not breakfast at 7 AM. - You (sleep) not too late. - She (study) not for the test. - They (exercise) not every day. *Possible Answers:* - I do not eat breakfast at 7 AM. - You do not sleep too late. - She does not study for the test. - They do not exercise every day. ## 5. Summary Negative sentences are useful to show that an action is not happening. In this lesson, we learned how to combine "not" with different verbs to talk about daily routines. Practicing these structures will help you improve your English skills and express negative statements about yourself and others better. Remember: - Use **Subject + do/does + not + base form of the verb** for most verbs. - Use **Subject + am/is/are + not + complement** with the verb "to be." With practice, making negative sentences will get easier, and you will feel more confident in your English conversations!
### Comparing People with Adjectives in Sentences In English, we often compare people and things using adjectives. Adjectives are words that help us describe how someone or something is. When we want to compare two or more things, we change the form of the adjectives we use. Let’s take a closer look at how this works! #### 1. Common Adjectives for Describing People Here are some common adjectives that we use to describe people: - **Positive Adjectives:** - Kind - Smart - Friendly - Funny - Creative - **Negative Adjectives:** - Rude - Lazy - Mean - Boring - Stubborn #### 2. Types of Comparisons There are three main ways we compare: positive, comparative, and superlative. - **Positive Form**: This is the basic form of the adjective. For example, *tall* or *smart*. - **Comparative Form**: We use this to compare two people or things. For short adjectives, we usually add **-er**. For long adjectives, we use "more." For example, *taller* or *more intelligent*. - **Superlative Form**: This is used when we compare three or more people or things. For short adjectives, we add **-est**. For long adjectives, we use "most." For example, *tallest* or *most intelligent*. #### 3. How to Form Comparatives and Superlatives **Short Adjectives:** - Add **-er** for comparatives and **-est** for superlatives. **Examples:** - **Positive**: tall - **Comparative**: taller - **Superlative**: tallest **Long Adjectives:** - Use "more" for comparatives and "most" for superlatives. **Examples:** - **Positive**: beautiful - **Comparative**: more beautiful - **Superlative**: most beautiful #### 4. Making Comparative Sentences To make comparative sentences, we follow this structure: **Subject + verb + comparative adjective + than + object.** **Examples:** - "Sarah is taller than Lucy." - "This book is more interesting than that one." #### 5. Making Superlative Sentences For superlative sentences, we use the structure: **Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective.** **Examples:** - "John is the tallest student in the class." - "This is the most exciting movie I’ve ever seen." #### 6. Practice Exercise Now, let’s practice! Try to write your own sentences using comparatives and superlatives. Here are some ideas to get you started: - Compare two friends using a positive adjective. - Describe the best dish you’ve ever tasted with a superlative adjective. ### Conclusion Knowing how to compare people and things using adjectives is an important skill in English. By learning about positive, comparative, and superlative forms, you can make your conversations more colorful and interesting. Keep practicing to get better at this fun part of language!
### Using Adjectives to Describe Our Favorite Things Adjectives help us add more details to nouns. This makes it easier to describe things we like. Here are some common types of adjectives: - **Color**: red, blue, green - **Size**: big, small, tall - **Shape**: round, square, flat - **Material**: wooden, plastic, metal #### Examples of Using Adjectives: 1. **Color**: "My favorite book is **blue**." 2. **Size**: "I have a **big** teddy bear." 3. **Shape**: "She bought a **round** table." 4. **Material**: "The **wooden** chair is comfortable." Try using these adjectives to make your sentences more fun!
# Words to Talk About Our Morning Routines When learning English, it's important to be able to talk about what we do every day, especially in the morning. Knowing the right words helps you express yourself better and join conversations about daily life. Let’s look at different parts of morning routines, useful words, and some simple grammar tips. ## 1. Common Morning Activities When we talk about our morning routines, we should know the basic things people do. Here’s a list of common morning activities with examples: - **Wake up**: This is how our day starts. - *Example: I wake up at 7 AM every day.* - **Get out of bed**: After waking, we usually get out. - *Example: After five more minutes, I finally get out of bed.* - **Brush teeth**: This is important for staying clean. - *Example: I brush my teeth and wash my face.* - **Take a shower**: Many people like to shower in the morning. - *Example: I take a shower to feel fresh.* - **Get dressed**: Putting on clothes is important too. - *Example: I usually get dressed quickly because I'm running late.* - **Have breakfast**: Eating gives us energy for the day. - *Example: I have cereal and fruit for breakfast.* - **Drink coffee/tea**: Lots of people enjoy a drink in the morning. - *Example: I drink a cup of coffee before starting my day.* - **Check emails/messages**: We use our phones or computers to stay in touch. - *Example: I check my emails while having breakfast.* - **Leave home**: Finally, we head out to start our day. - *Example: I leave home at 8 AM to catch the bus.* ## 2. Words Related to Time When we talk about routines, we often mention specific times. Here are some important words and phrases: - **Early**: before the usual time. - *Example: I like to wake up early.* - **Late**: after the usual time. - *Example: I always wake up late on weekends.* - **In the morning**: the time from sunrise until noon. - *Example: I exercise in the morning before work.* ## 3. Describing Your Routine When you talk about your morning routine, you can use a simple structure that includes the time and the activity. Here’s how to make these sentences: 1. Start with the time: *At 7 AM,* 2. Use a simple action word: *I wake up.* 3. Add more details if you want: *At 7 AM, I wake up and go for a short run.* ### Sample Sentences - At 6:30 AM, I wake up and make my bed. - At 7 AM, I take a shower and get dressed. - At 7:30 AM, I have breakfast with my family. - At 8 AM, I leave home to go to school. ## 4. Helpful Words Adding some extra words can make your sentences more interesting! Here are some words you can use to say how often or how you do your morning activities: - **Usually**: most of the time. - *Example: I usually drink coffee in the morning.* - **Sometimes**: now and then. - *Example: I sometimes skip breakfast if I'm in a hurry.* - **Always**: every time. - *Example: I always brush my teeth before leaving.* - **Never**: not at any time. - *Example: I never forget to take my books.* ## 5. Practice Exercise Now that you know the words for morning routines, try making your own sentences. Fill in the blanks based on your morning routine: 1. At ___ AM, I ___. 2. I usually ___ when I wake up. 3. I ___ before I leave home. By practicing these sentences, you can get better at talking about your daily life in English. Remember, the more you repeat, the better you get! Don't hesitate to share your morning routine with a friend or family member!