Negative emotions in school settings often get a bad rap. People usually think they lead to poor grades, low motivation, and trouble engaging with lessons. But what if we looked at them differently? These emotions can actually help us grow and become stronger learners. It’s time to rethink how we view negative feelings. Think about it: everyone faces setbacks and disappointments during their time in school. When you feel frustrated because a subject is too hard, it can feel really tough. But instead of letting that frustration take over, it can actually help us. For example, if you fail a test, instead of feeling hopeless, you can reflect on how you studied. Maybe it’s time to try a different study method or ask for help. Here’s where negative emotions can turn into motivation, pushing students to improve instead of just giving up. A big part of this is learning how to turn negative feelings into strength. When students face challenges, feelings like anxiety or disappointment can help them develop new coping skills. They learn that getting through tough times means adapting and sticking with it. For instance, a student who's stressed about a hard class might learn to manage their time better or ask classmates and teachers for support. This not only helps them academically, but also builds resilience—an important skill for life beyond school. Also, research shows that being aware of your emotions is key to staying motivated. Emotional intelligence helps students notice how they feel and see how those feelings impact their learning. Imagine you're nervous about an upcoming test. Instead of letting that stress control you, you could use that anxiety to create a study plan, get help, or practice relaxing. This shift in thinking can turn worry into motivation, encouraging you to prepare better. It’s also worth mentioning that negative emotions can help students grow personally. Many successful people say their achievements are partly thanks to the failures they experienced. Those tough moments shaped who they are, taught them to be resilient, and helped them figure out their goals. In school, students who deal with negative emotions often gain a clearer understanding of what drives them. For instance, a frustrated student who realizes they love science might use that anger to dive deeper into understanding difficult scientific ideas. This not only boosts their knowledge but also strengthens their commitment to the subject. Additionally, learning is a social experience, too. Emotions are often shared, and when students talk about their struggles, they can find support from each other. This creates a friendly environment where negative feelings can turn into a group effort for success. Study groups, mentorship, and open talks about challenges allow students to see they’re not alone. This shared approach to handling stress can make everyone feel more connected, which is really important for positive academic experiences. However, it’s crucial to know the difference between healthy and unhealthy expressions of negative emotions. If someone is stuck in a constant negative state, it can lead to giving up and feeling disconnected. The goal isn't to dwell on the negative but to create a balance where students can use their feelings as tools for growth. Teachers can help by creating spaces where emotions are acknowledged and guiding students on how to deal with them in a positive way. In short, negative emotions can actually help with learning and building resilience in several ways: 1. **Awareness**: Recognizing when you need to change how you're approaching a problem. 2. **Resilience**: Learning coping techniques to improve skills like time management and effective studying. 3. **Authenticity**: Understanding your motivations and values by overcoming challenges. 4. **Social Connection**: Finding support from peers through shared experiences, creating a motivating atmosphere. 5. **Guidance**: How teachers can help students manage their emotions effectively. The key is to embrace negative emotions for their potential to drive growth. Instead of ignoring or hiding these feelings, we should help students understand and use them for positive outcomes. Learning isn’t always a straight path, and being able to draw strength from hard times is a big part of being resilient. So next time frustration or disappointment hits at school, let’s look for the silver linings that might come from those tough feelings.
Expectancy-Value Theory and Goal Setting are important ideas that can help students do better in school. Here’s how they work: 1. **Expectancy-Value Theory**: - This idea suggests that students feel motivated when they think they can succeed and when they see value in what they are doing. - For example, research shows that students who believe they can get high grades are 20% more likely to do better in school compared to those who don’t have high expectations (Schunk, 2012). 2. **Goal Setting**: - When students set goals that are clear, specific, and realistic, it helps them stay motivated and perform better. - Students with these kinds of goals tend to do about 25% better in their studies (Locke & Latham, 2002). 3. **How They Work Together**: - When students have high expectations and set clear goals, they usually put in more effort and keep trying, which leads to better grades. - Plus, working on setting goals can help students believe in themselves even more, boosting their motivation to succeed. In summary, by focusing on what they can achieve and setting clear goals, students can really improve their performance in school!
Understanding the two types of motivation—intrinsic and extrinsic—is really important for teachers. Motivation helps students feel involved, stick with their tasks, and do well in school. By knowing the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, teachers can create better learning experiences for their students. ### 1. What Are the Two Types of Motivation? - **Intrinsic Motivation**: This is when students do something because they find it interesting or enjoyable. They are motivated by their curiosity, love of learning, or personal goals. Studies show that students who have intrinsic motivation often understand and remember what they learn much better. - **Extrinsic Motivation**: This type of motivation happens when students do something to get a reward or to avoid getting in trouble. Rewards can be good grades, praise from teachers, or other benefits. While extrinsic motivation can help at first, it might not help students stay committed to learning in the long run. ### 2. How Motivation Affects Learning - **Academic Performance**: Research shows that students with intrinsic motivation usually get better grades. In fact, students who are intrinsically motivated often have GPAs that are about 1.5 times higher than those motivated by external rewards. - **Engagement and Retention**: A study found that students who are intrinsically motivated are more engaged in their learning. They are more likely to pay attention in class—70% of them focus well, compared to only 30% of students who are extrinsically motivated. ### 3. Ways to Boost Intrinsic Motivation - **Autonomy**: Allowing students to make choices about their learning can help them feel responsible and motivated. Research suggests that giving students more control can increase their intrinsic motivation by 35%. - **Mastery**: Encouraging students to focus on getting better instead of only caring about grades can help spark their interest. A survey found that classrooms that promote mastery can raise student motivation by 40%. - **Purpose**: When teachers connect lessons to real-life situations, students find the work more meaningful and interesting. Studies indicate that when students see the purpose in what they learn, their intrinsic motivation can increase by 50%. ### 4. Ways to Use Extrinsic Motivation - **Goal Setting**: Setting clear and doable goals can help motivate students. When students have specific goals, they are more likely to succeed. Research shows that having clear goals can improve performance by up to 20%. - **Rewards and Recognition**: While it’s not good to rely only on rewards, using recognition like praise or certificates can motivate students if combined with intrinsic factors. A study showed that when extrinsic rewards are used along with intrinsic motivators, task performance can increase by 30%. ### 5. Finding a Balance Using both types of motivation can help students learn better. Teachers should create a classroom that supports intrinsic motivation while also including some extrinsic rewards. Research from the American Educational Research Association found that students who experienced both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation showed a 50% increase in engagement and success compared to those who only had one type. ### Conclusion By understanding the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, teachers can find better ways to teach. When they use strategies that support both types, they can help students become more engaged, stick with their tasks, and achieve higher academic success.
Setting goals that are time-bound is really important for helping students stay motivated. Here’s how it works: - **Clear Deadlines**: When students have specific dates to meet their goals, it creates a push to get things done. If they know they need to finish something by a certain day, they are less likely to wait until the last minute. This helps them focus on what they need to do, making their study habits stronger. - **Tracking Progress**: Time-bound goals help students see how much they've accomplished in a specific time. By checking their progress regularly, students can feel proud of what they’ve done. If they need to change their plans to do better, they can, which helps them believe in themselves more. - **Less Overwhelm**: Big tasks can seem scary, but breaking them into smaller time-bound goals can help. For example, instead of saying, "I need to study for exams," a better way would be, "I’ll finish Chapter 1 by Wednesday." This makes the work feel easier and less daunting. - **Celebrating Achievements**: Reaching time-bound goals gives students chances to celebrate. When they meet a deadline, it makes them feel good and boosts their motivation. Recognizing these small wins encourages them to take on more challenges. - **Better Focus and Commitment**: When students know they have a set time to achieve something, they can focus better. A clear timeline makes them more dedicated to their work, helping them to pay attention and study more effectively. In short, setting time-bound goals is key to boosting student motivation. It gives students a clear direction, structure to follow, and makes them feel responsible for their learning. By using these types of goals, teachers can help students take charge of their education, which can lead to better success in school.
**Why Measurable Goals Matter for Students** Setting clear goals is super important for keeping students motivated. These goals can help them succeed in school and grow as individuals. When we talk about goals, we often use the SMART method. This means goals should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Using this method not only helps students pay attention in class but also makes them feel responsible for their own learning. **Being Specific in Goals** One big part of setting goals is being specific. When students know exactly what they need to do, they can work better. For example, instead of saying, “I want to do well in math,” they might say, “I will get at least 85% on my next math test.” This clarity helps students understand what is expected of them and lets them focus their energy on reaching that goal. **Tracking Progress** Measurable goals also help students keep track of how they’re doing. By breaking big goals into smaller steps, like “I will read two chapters of my math book each week,” students can see their progress more easily. This way, as they complete each task, they feel good about what they’ve achieved. **Realistic Goals** The "Achievable" part of SMART means that goals should be challenging but possible. If goals are too hard, students might feel frustrated and give up. But if they set realistic goals, it creates a positive learning space. For example, a student might decide to read for 30 minutes a day to get better at reading. This goal is tough but doable, helping them grow. **Why Goals Matter to Students** Goals should connect with students' interests. When students can relate to what they're trying to achieve, they are more motivated. For instance, someone who wants to be an engineer might set a goal to excel in physics and math, because those subjects are important for that career. **Setting Time Limits** Adding a deadline to goals creates urgency and helps students plan their time better. For example, a student could work on improving their writing skills by attending a workshop before the end of the semester. Having a due date encourages students to prioritize tasks and manage their time wisely. **Building Confidence and Grit** Setting measurable goals can really boost students' confidence. When they achieve these goals, it makes them feel capable. Hitting small goals along the way gives students the courage to face new challenges. As they set, work on, and reach their goals, they learn to bounce back from setbacks, which is important not just in school but in life too. **Taking Responsibility** Measurable goals help students take responsibility for their own learning. When they know they have specific targets to meet, they feel a duty to work towards them. This can happen alone or with help from classmates or teachers. When students share their goals with others, it builds a supportive community that encourages everyone to stay committed. **Learning from Feedback** Regularly checking how they’re doing with their goals allows students to get useful feedback. They can see what’s working and what’s not, and ask for advice from teachers or friends. Reflecting on their process—thinking about what strategies helped and which didn't—helps them develop important thinking skills. By adjusting their approaches, students learn that improving is an ongoing journey. **Creating a Supportive Classroom** When students work on measurable goals together, they create a positive classroom environment. As they strive for their personal goals, they build a culture of teamwork and understanding. Celebrating each other’s achievements, whether big or small, helps create a community where everyone feels motivated to succeed. **Preparing for the Future** Teaching students how to set measurable goals also gives them essential life skills. Learning to plan, prioritize, and stay disciplined is important as they grow. When students practice setting goals in school, they get ready to face challenges later in their lives. Knowing how to set and reach measurable goals helps them aim high and stay determined. In summary, measurable goals are crucial for keeping students motivated. They help students focus on clear objectives, track progress, and take ownership of their education. By encouraging accountability, resilience, and a supportive environment, measurable goals pave the way for students to succeed and grow both academically and personally. With these practices in place, we can inspire the next generation of learners to face the future with confidence.
Students often face the tricky challenge of measuring how well they are doing on their SMART goals. So, what are SMART goals? These are goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Having SMART goals helps students improve their learning experience. Let’s break down what SMART goals look like for students. A general wish like “I want to do better in math” isn’t very clear. Instead, a SMART goal could be “I will improve my algebra skills by finishing two worksheets each week.” This clear goal makes it easier to track progress. Now, how can students measure their progress? Here are some simple methods: 1. **Self-Assessment Tools**: Students can create rubrics to check their own work. For example, if their goal is to improve their writing, they could make a checklist with points like good organization and correct grammar. Using this regularly helps them see what they are doing well and what needs work. 2. **Tracking Systems**: Keeping track of progress is important. This could be a physical notebook or a digital app. Students can write down what they achieve each week. This way, they can see how far they have come, which can be very motivating. 3. **Feedback Mechanisms**: Getting feedback from teachers or classmates is key. It helps students understand where they stand and what they can do to improve. For example, if a student wants to get better at speaking in front of others, they should practice in class or with friends to receive helpful feedback. 4. **Reflection Journals**: Keeping a reflection journal is another great tool. After working on their goals, students should write about what they learned and how they felt. This helps them think about their progress and adjust if necessary. 5. **Milestones and Short-Term Objectives**: Breaking a big goal into smaller steps makes it easier to measure progress. For example, if the main goal is to do well on a test, students could set smaller goals, like finishing a practice test each week. Celebrating these small wins helps keep the motivation high. 6. **Peer Accountability**: Studying with friends can help students stay on track. Creating a study group means they can encourage each other and share their progress. Also, students can use data from school systems to measure their progress. Schools often have tools that track grades and assignments. By looking at this information, students can see their trends and improvements over time. Another important part of measuring progress is changing goals based on feedback. Students should remember that learning isn’t always a straight line. They might hit some bumps, and that’s okay. If they find something tough, it might be time to ask for help. Emotions also play a big role in learning. Being frustrated when progress is slow is normal. Students can use techniques like mindfulness or visualization to help cope with these feelings and keep working on their goals. It’s also good to remember the big picture. Understanding how individual goals fit into their overall education can help students feel more motivated. When they see that their efforts lead to bigger dreams, they are more likely to stay focused. Involving family members can also help. When students share their goals and progress at home, it creates a support system that makes reaching those goals easier. Using technology can improve measuring progress as well. There are many apps that help with goal-setting and tracking. Tools like Google Keep or Trello can make it fun and engaging to see how they are doing. Lastly, it’s important for students to stay persistent. Achieving SMART goals takes time, and there will be challenges along the way. Students who learn to bounce back from setbacks usually do better in their learning journeys. In the end, measuring progress towards SMART goals can be a rewarding experience. It encourages students to take charge of their education, boosts their motivation, and helps them develop important skills. This journey is not just about grades; it’s about personal growth and learning about themselves. Overall, setting and measuring SMART goals involves various strategies—from checking their own work to getting feedback to using technology and relying on friends for support. By understanding how to track their progress, students can enjoy a richer learning experience that helps them grow. Each effort they put into this process teaches them not just about school subjects but about their own strengths and potential to achieve great things.
Cultural differences in how we show our emotions are really important in shaping motivation in diverse classrooms. Understanding these differences can help teachers create a welcoming and inclusive learning space. Emotions influence not only how individual students feel motivated but also how well they work together as a group and how involved they are in class. ### Understanding Cultural Emotional Expression How people express their feelings can be very different depending on their culture. For example: - **East Asian Cultures**: In many Eastern cultures, showing emotions openly might be seen as disruptive. Students from these backgrounds might keep their feelings to themselves. This can make them quieter during class discussions. - **Western Cultures**: On the other hand, students from Western cultures often feel more encouraged to express their emotions. They might share their thoughts and feelings more often, which can lead to lively classroom discussions. These differences can really affect motivation. For instance, a student who comes from a culture that values keeping emotions in check might feel unmotivated in a class that encourages open expression. They may think their quietness shows they aren’t interested. ### Influence on Motivation 1. **Engagement Levels**: Students who feel comfortable showing their emotions are usually more engaged in their learning. For example, if a student can share their excitement about a project, that could inspire their classmates and create a more collaborative environment. 2. **Feedback and Recognition**: Different cultures have different ways of giving feedback. In some cultures, people expect direct praise, while in others, it might feel embarrassing. Knowing these differences helps teachers motivate students better. For example: - A student from a culture that values public praise might feel energized by being recognized in front of others. - A student from a more reserved culture might prefer to be acknowledged privately. 3. **Peer Relationships**: How students connect with each other can also be influenced by how they express emotions. In a classroom with students from different cultures, they might misunderstand each other’s emotional signals, which can lead to teamwork issues. Creating groups for assignments can encourage students to talk about and set rules for how to communicate, helping everyone understand each other better. ### Practical Application for Educators To effectively use cultural differences in emotional expression, teachers can try some of these strategies: - **Cultural Sensitivity Training**: Providing training for teachers about different cultural norms can help create an environment of respect and understanding. - **Inclusive Activities**: Create activities that fit various styles of emotional expression. For example, combine quiet reflection time with group discussions where students are encouraged to share what they feel. - **Open Dialogue**: Building a classroom culture where discussing feelings is welcomed can help everyone feel included and understood. By implementing these strategies, teachers can better support all students, making the classroom a place where everyone feels motivated and engaged.
**Limitations of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in Today’s Diverse Classrooms** Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a well-known theory about what motivates people. It has five levels: basic needs (like food and water), safety needs, love and belonging, esteem (self-respect), and self-actualization (reaching your full potential). But using this model in today’s diverse classrooms has some challenges. 1. **Different Cultures**: Maslow’s model is mostly based on Western ideas that focus on individual goals. But in many cultures, especially in non-Western societies, community and relationships are more important. For example, a study from Hofstede (2018) found that cultures that value togetherness score higher on teamwork. That makes Maslow's hierarchy less useful in these situations. 2. **Not Always a Straight Path**: Maslow suggests that you have to meet lower needs before focusing on higher ones. But that isn’t always true. Students can show self-actualization—like being creative or thinking critically—even when they don’t have their basic needs met. For instance, a report from the National Center for Education Statistics (2020) showed that 80% of underprivileged students in cities pursued hobbies to motivate their learning, even when they were struggling with hunger. 3. **Variety in Classrooms**: In classrooms with students from different backgrounds, using a single approach doesn’t work for everyone. For example, 25% of children in the U.S. live in poverty, which makes it harder for them to engage in school (according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). 4. **Complex Emotions**: It's tough to put students' emotional needs into neat categories. A student's feelings can change a lot due to trauma or mental health issues. This makes it hard to apply Maslow's fixed levels. Statistics show that around 33% of teenagers deal with significant anxiety, which can affect their learning (American Psychological Association, 2021). 5. **Ignoring Other Theories**: If we only focus on Maslow, we might forget about other important theories like Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory. These theories highlight the importance of internal motivation and how much value students place on tasks. Recent research shows that students who are more internally motivated score about 15% higher on tests than those who are only motivated by outside rewards (Deci & Ryan, 2017). In summary, while Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs helps us understand what motivates people, it has limitations in diverse classrooms. We need to look at other theories to help support and engage all students effectively.
Understanding Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is really important for teachers who want to create a warm and productive learning space. This idea shows that what drives people is the need to fulfill different requirements, from basic needs like food to higher needs like self-fulfillment. By making sure students' needs are met at all levels, teachers can greatly boost their motivation and learning. Let’s break down the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy: 1. **Physiological Needs**: These are the basic needs everyone has, like food, water, warmth, and rest. In school, students might come in hungry or tired. - **What Teachers Can Do**: Schools can provide meals and snacks, schedule breaks during class, and make sure classrooms are comfortable with the right temperature and lighting. 2. **Safety Needs**: After getting their basic needs met, students look for safety and security. This includes being physically safe and feeling emotionally secure. - **What Teachers Can Do**: It’s really important to create a safe classroom. This means having safety measures in place and making sure the classroom is free from bullying. Programs that teach conflict resolution and good classroom rules help students feel safe. 3. **Belongingness and Love Needs**: Humans naturally seek relationships and a sense of belonging. For students, this means friendships and connections with family, classmates, and teachers. - **What Teachers Can Do**: Teachers can build community by encouraging teamwork, group projects, and welcoming everyone into the class. Organizing clubs and social activities helps students connect with each other. 4. **Esteem Needs**: When students feel they belong, they start wanting respect and recognition. They want to feel good about themselves and their abilities. - **What Teachers Can Do**: To support this, teachers should give students chances to show what they can do, like through presentations or awards. Celebrating progress and providing helpful feedback can make students feel proud of themselves. 5. **Self-Actualization Needs**: This is the highest level and is all about reaching one’s full potential. In school, this means letting students explore their interests and grow their talents. - **What Teachers Can Do**: Teachers should encourage creativity and independent thinking. Allowing students to work on projects that interest them and offering personalized learning helps them discover their strengths. Besides Maslow’s hierarchy, teachers should also think about other motivation ideas, like Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory. **Self-Determination Theory** says that motivation comes from feeling in control, feeling good at something, and having caring relationships. - **What Teachers Can Do**: Allowing students to choose assignments and projects helps them feel more motivated. Teaching in a way that meets everyone's needs helps students succeed. Building relationships and a caring classroom culture supports everyone. **Expectancy-Value Theory** explains that motivation is also about what students believe they can do and how valuable they think the tasks are. - **What Teachers Can Do**: Teachers can explain why what they’re teaching is important for students' lives and future. Helping students set personal goals also boosts their belief in themselves. To create a supportive learning environment using Maslow's ideas, teachers can: - Notice students’ basic needs by looking for signs of hunger, tiredness, or sadness. - Build a welcoming and safe classroom that encourages trust. - Help students connect with each other and their teachers. - Recognize and celebrate even the small achievements. - Encourage students to work on personal projects and learning. By focusing on these needs and adding elements from Self-Determination and Expectancy-Value Theories, teachers can create a rich learning experience. This not only helps students do well in school but also supports their emotional and social growth. When students feel safe, valued, connected, and motivated, they are much more likely to engage fully in their learning, reach their potential, and believe in themselves beyond the classroom.
**Understanding Expectancy-Value Theory: Boosting Student Engagement** Expectancy-Value Theory helps us understand why students engage in learning. It shows how students' beliefs about their abilities and how much they value tasks can influence their motivation to learn. This theory has two main parts: expectancy and value. - **Expectancy** is about believing that you can succeed at a task. - **Value** is about how important that task is to you. Together, these parts impact the choices students make, how hard they work, and how long they stick with challenges. ### Expectancy and Self-Efficacy When we talk about expectancy, we need to think about self-efficacy. This is a fancy term introduced by psychologist Bandura, which means believing in your own ability to do something. If a student feels confident about succeeding, they are more likely to participate fully in their learning activities. But if they doubt themselves, they might avoid the task. For example, a student who thinks they will do well on a math test—because they know the material—will likely study hard. In contrast, a student who believes they are bad at math may not even try to study. ### The Importance of Value The value part of Expectancy-Value Theory is also very important. Several things can influence how much value a student places on a task: - **Intrinsic motivation**: This is when a student enjoys the task itself. - **Extrinsic motivation**: This is when students are motivated by rewards or outcomes. - **Relevance**: This is how much the task relates to what they want to achieve in the future. When students see how what they are learning is connected to their interests or future goals, they tend to be more engaged. For instance, a student who wants to work in medicine will likely be more interested in biology because they can see its connection. ### How Expectancy and Value Affect Learning When students feel confident and see value in what they are learning, they tend to take a deep approach to learning. This means they seek to understand the material and connect different ideas. On the other hand, when students have low expectancy or see low value in a task, they might only focus on memorizing facts just to pass a test, without understanding the content. ### Feedback Matters Expectancy-Value Theory also emphasizes how important feedback is. Positive feedback can strengthen a student’s belief in their abilities. When teachers give constructive comments and celebrate small successes, students feel better about themselves. It’s also essential that the tasks given to students have real value. Teachers can achieve this by designing activities that are interesting and relate to students' lives. ### The Role of Teacher-Student Relationships Teachers can help students build their expectancy through positive relationships. When teachers believe in their students and encourage them, students feel safer to take learning risks. Additionally, teachers can show the value of tasks by linking them to real-world situations, helping students see why their lessons matter. ### Understanding Different Backgrounds It’s important to remember that many factors can affect a student’s expectancy and value. Things like a student’s background, past experiences, and cultural context can greatly influence their confidence. Teachers need to understand these differences to create an inclusive learning environment. They can encourage a growth mindset, which is the belief that abilities can improve with effort and time. ### Implications for Education Expectancy-Value Theory is valuable for improving education as a whole. Schools can design learning strategies based on these ideas to enhance student engagement. For example, project-based learning connects lessons to real-life problems, making learning more interesting. ### The Role of Technology Technology can also boost student engagement. Digital tools make learning interactive and personalized, helping students increase their confidence and see the value in tasks. Online platforms that give immediate feedback allow students to check their understanding and make adjustments to their study habits. ### Promoting a Growth Mindset Ultimately, Expectancy-Value Theory tells us that we should encourage a growth mindset in students. Helping students accept challenges, learn from mistakes, and build resilience strengthens both expectancy and value. By creating a supportive and curious learning environment, teachers can inspire students to become independent learners. ### In Summary Expectancy-Value Theory is essential for understanding student engagement. By focusing on what students believe about their abilities and how much value they place on their tasks, educators can enhance motivation and learning. When teachers use effective strategies, provide helpful feedback, and build supportive relationships, they create a positive learning experience. A thoughtful approach to education that includes Expectancy-Value Theory can change how students learn and motivate them to succeed.